Identifikace prediktorů duševní pohody vysokoškolských studentů během pandemie covidu-19

Pandemie covidu-19 byla široce zkoumána jako ekonomická i zdravotní krize s důrazem na zvyšování duševního zdraví a pohody vysokoškolských studentů. Tato studie zkoumá vztahy mezi fyzickým zdravím, sociální podporou a gramotností v oblasti duševního zdraví s duševní pohodou studentů malajsijských univerzit během pandemie covidu-19. Studijní soubor tvořilo 199 studentů. Průřezový průzkum byl proveden pomocí dotazníků, které si sami zadali. Tyto dotazníky využívaly Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), nástroj Multidimenzionální škála vnímané sociální podpory a nástroj Škála duševního zdraví. Průzkum zahrnoval i položky z dotazníku Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Výsledky této studie ukázaly, že fyzické zdraví má pozitivní a silný vztah k duševní pohodě. Podobně výsledky ukázaly, že sociální podpora má významný a pozitivní vztah k duševní pohodě. Nicméně duševní zdravotní gramotnost nebyla významně spojena s duševní pohodou. Výsledky tohoto výzkumu by mohly poskytnout zákonodárcům, odborníkům z praxe a vedení univerzit užitečné poznatky, které podporují pozitivní výsledky provádění intervenčních programů ke zlepšení duševní pohody studentů.Alternate :The Covid-19 pandemic has been widely examined to be both an economic crisis and health with updates of increasing the mental health and well-being of university students. This study examines the relationships between physical health, social support, and mental health literacy with the mental well-being of Malaysian university students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study population comprised 199 students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaires that used the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support instrument, and the Mental Health Literacy Scale. The survey also included items from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The results of this study showed that physical health had a positive and strong relationship with mental well-being. Similarly, the results indicated that social support had a significant and positive relationship with mental well-being. However, mental health literacy was not significantly associated with mental well-being. The results of this research might provide policymakers, practitioners, and university management with useful insights that foster the positive outcome of conducting intervention programs to improve the mental well-being of students.

In the maze of a pandemic: Speech as a still possible choice

Was it acceptable to sacrifice individual freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic? This is the starting point taken by the organization Respect Seniors for this article. Through a story recounting Respect Seniors' astonishment at testimonies of restricted liberty during the pandemic, through to the implementation of innovative practices aiming at restoring speech for seniors, enabling them to be heard loud and clear, Respect Seniors wishes to show how a reflective and deeply ethical approach has enriched its practice by prioritizing speech as the ultimate choice, and a choice that is still possible, by taking a critical look at the fine line between abuse and good treatment, and by questioning the values of a society that wants to be inclusive of older people, and yet has forgotten them. © 2022 Fondation Nationale de Gerontologie. All rights reserved. La liberté individuelle était-elle soluble à l'heure du Covid ? Tel est le postulat de départ que pose Respect Seniors dans cet article. Au travers d'un récit retraçant les premiers moments de sidération de l'Agence wallonne de lutte contre la maltraitance des aînés, face aux témoignages de privation de liberté durant la pandémie jusqu'à la mise en œuvre de pratiques innovantes visant à restituer la parole aux aînés et à la faire entendre haut et fort, Respect Seniors souhaite démontrer comment une démarche réflexive et profondément éthique a enrichi sa pratique en élevant la parole comme choix ultime encore possible, en portant un regard critique sur la frontière ténue entre maltraitance et bientraitance, et en interrogeant les valeurs d'une société qui se veut inclusive envers les aînés, et qui les a pourtant oubliés. © 2022 Fondation Nationale de Gerontologie. All rights reserved.

Differences in infant negative affectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This longitudinal study compared infant temperament rated at 3 months postpartum by 263 United-States-based women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic and 72 who gave birth prior to the pandemic. All women completed questionnaires assessing perinatal mental health, social contact, and infant temperament. Mothers whose infants were born during the pandemic reported higher levels of infant negative affectivity as compared with mothers whose infants were born earlier (F(1, 324) = 18.28, p < .001), but did not differ in their ratings of surgency or effortful control. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms, prenatal stress, and postpartum stress mediated differences in infant negative affectivity  between pandemic and pre-pandemic groups. Within the pandemic group, decreased postpartum social contact was associated with higher ratings of infant negative affectivity. These findings suggest that the pandemic has affected maternal perceptions of infant temperament, perinatal mental health, and social contact.

Este estudio longitudinal comparó el temperamento del infante evaluado a los tres meses después del parto por 263 mujeres con base en Estados Unidos, las cuales dieron a luz durante la pandemia del COVID-19 y 72 que dieron a luz antes de la pandemia. Todas las mujeres completaron cuestionarios para evaluar la salud mental perinatal, el contacto social y el temperamento del infante. Las madres cuyos infantes nacieron durante la pandemia reportaron más altos niveles de afectividad negativa del infante tal como se les comparó con madres cuyos infantes nacieron antes (F(1,324) = 18.28, p<.001), pero no difirieron en sus puntajes de rapidez y astucia o control esforzado. Los síntomas depresivos maternos mediaron la asociación entre la condición de pandemia y la afectividad negativa del infante. Dentro del grupo de pandemia, la baja en el contacto social posterior al parto fue asociada con más altos puntajes en la afectividad negativa del infante. Estos resultados proponen que la pandemia ha afectado las percepciones mentales de la salud mental y el contacto social del temperamento perinatal del infante.

Cette étude longitudinale a comparé le tempérament du nourrisson évalué à trois mois postpartum par 263 femmes basées aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique ayant donné naissance durant la pandémie du COVD-19 et 72 femmes ayant donné naissance avant la pandémie. Toutes les femmes ont rempli des questionnaires évaluant la santé mentale périnatale, le contact social et le tempérament du nourrisson. Les mères dont les nourrissons étaient nés durant la pandémie ont fait état de niveaux plus élevés d'affectivité négative du bébé comparées aux mères dont les bébés étaient nés avant (F(1 324) = 18,28, p <,001), mais n'ont pas divergé dans leurs évaluations du dynamisme ou du contrôle efficace. Les symptômes dépressifs maternels ont médiatisé le lien entre le statue pandémique et l'affectivité négative du nourrisson. Au sein du groupe pandémique le contact social postpartum décru était lié à des évaluations plus élevées de l'affectivité négative du nourrisson. Ces résultats suggèrent que la pandémie a affecté les perceptions maternelles du tempérament du bébé, la santé mentale périnatale et le contact social.

[Parental Burden, Need for Support and Resources After Almost Two Years of COVID-19-Pandemic: Results of a Representative Study in Germany]. / Elterliche Belastungen, Unterstützungsbedarf und Ressourcen nach fast zwei Jahren COVID-19-Pandemie: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Studie in Deutschland.

Studies assessing the burden of families in the second year of the COVID-19-pandemic and the need for support are scarce. Burden, negative and positive changes, resources, and the need for support during the COVID-19-pandemic of a representative sample of 1,087 parents (52,0 % female; mean age 40,4) of minors in Germany were assessed in December 2021. We used a mixed-method approach.More than 50 % percent of parents were burdened about the development of the pandemic (58,5 %), restrictions in activities outside (54,8 %), the mental health of others (54,0 %), and social distance (53,7 %). Parents reported negative changes in partnership (esp. increase in conflicts and crises; 29,4 %), school development (esp. deterioration of school performance; 25,7 %), and mental health of children (38,1 %). In retrospect, over one-third of the parents saw a need for better political communication (36,0 %) and financial support (34,1 %) during the pandemic. In December, 23,8 % of parents still reported the need for support: financial (51,3 %), social (26,6 %), and psychotherapy for themselves (25,8 %). However, parents reported positive changes, especially within the family, feelings of gratitude and new attitudes. Social interaction and positive activities were identified as resources. In the second year of the pandemic, parents experienced much burden and needed support. Interventions and policies should be more targeted and needs-oriented.

Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery is a reasonable and safe option during a pandemic.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the preoperative and intraoperative features, intraoperative and postoperative complications and postoperative satisfaction of patients who underwent immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study included ISBCS patients from September 2021 through January 2022. Demographics, comorbidities, type of anesthesia (topical/general), intraoperative complications, postoperative refractive errors, and complications were examined. The one-month postoperative appointment included a patient satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS: ISBCS was performed in 206 eyes of 103 patients. Intraoperative complications did not occur in 99 (96.1%) of ISBCS patients. No patients had visually significant corneal edema, wound leakage, endophthalmitis, or toxic anterior segment syndrome during postoperative follow-up. Final manifest spherical equivalent refraction was less than 1.00 D in all patients and less than 0.50 D in 70.7% of patients. In the questionnaire given to the patients at the one-month follow-up, 96.1% of patients did not change their preference for surgery on the same day. CONCLUSION: ISBCS provides an advantage during the pandemic period by reducing hospital visits, especially for the elderly population and patients with comorbidities. ISBCS is a safe and reasonable method that can be used during a pandemic due to the low rates of complications, the success of the refractive results, and the high patient satisfaction rates.

[Strengths and Difficulties of 3- to 15-Year-Old Children and Adolescents in the Second andThird Year of the Corona Pandemic - Results of a Household-Representative Survey in Germany]. / Stärken und Probleme von 3- bis 15-jährigen Kindern und Jugendlichen im zweiten und dritten Jahr der Corona- Pandemie ­ eine haushaltsrepräsentative Befragung.

Behavioural strengths and psychosocial problems in children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 15 are reported. The survey is based on a household-representative sample of 2,421 parents or guardians providing information on their everyday family-life in summer 2021 by online-questionnaire. 704 of the respondents participated again in the spring of 2022. In result, the behaviour of a quarter of the children and adolescents is described as psychosocially borderline/abnormal over the survey period (SDQ total). About a third of children and adolescents have emotional problems, behavioural problems or problems with their peers (respective SDQ-subscales). The proportion of primary-school children with emotional problems increases from summer 2021 to the following spring. Families in which children with disabilities live are disproportionally more affected. The results are discussed with regard to the SDQ standard values available for Germany, as well as the families' self-reported supportneeds and their planned use of professional support-services. Given the psychosocial burden of children, adolescents and their families presented here, which become apparent well after the closures of day-care centres and schools, or other contact-restricting measures to contain the pandemic, have ended, it remains of interest to observe how their well-being will further develop over time.

[COVID-19 and Psychiatric Disorders in Minors: Changes in Inpatient Treatment According to Hospital Statistics]. / COVID-19 und psychische Störungen bei Minderjährigen: Veränderungen der Behandlungen nach der Krankenhausstatistik.

COVID-19 and Psychiatric Disorders in Minors: Changes in Inpatient Treatment According to Hospital Statistics Abstract: Increased rates of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric emergencies in children and adolescents stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported, with more children and adolescents suffering from internalizing disorders. This study analyzes whether the increased rates led to increased rates of inpatient treatment in child and adolescent psychiatric and pediatric hospitals in Germany as well as a change in diagnoses of the treated patients. We analyzed routine hospital data ("InEK" data, § 21 KHG data files) from a prepandemic (2019) and a pandemic (2021) half-year regarding changes in the number of cases, diagnoses, and length of stay (LoS) in child and adolescent psychiatry and pediatrics. We also investigated the development of psychiatric emergencies in minors. We found an increase in internalizing problems (depression, anorexia nervosa, trauma-related disorders) and a decrease in externalizing problems among the admitted psychiatric inpatients. Further, we observed a halving of cases treated for alcohol intoxication. However, we discovered no change for the frequency of psychiatric emergency treatments nationwide. A more detailed analysis revealed that, in areas with a low number of child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient beds, emergency care was prioritized and LoS decreased, whereas in areas with a fair bed-to-inhabitant ratio among minors, there was a trend toward increased LoS, also in pediatric departments. We recommend continued monitoring of inpatient care after the pandemic, with special attention paid to underprivileged children and adolescents such as those with externalizing problems.

Quality of Physical Activity Participation Among Adults with Disabilities Through Pandemic Restriction.

Background. Physical activity (PA) is essential for maintaining well-being in adults with disabilities. This population experienced reduced PA during the COVID-19 pandemic; yet, the impact on quality of PA participation remains unclear. Purpose. This secondary analysis explored how pandemic restrictions impacted six experiential dimensions of quality of PA participation among adults with disabilities. Methods. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, including semi-structured interviews (n = 10) and self-reported surveys (n = 61), was conducted in May-2020 and February-2021. Quality of PA participation was measured using the Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation (MeEAP). Participants included community-dwelling adults over 19 years of age (mean 59.2 ± 14.0 years) living with stroke, spinal cord injury, or other physical disabilities. Findings. Directed content analysis identified three themes related to adjusting PA participation for restrictions, motivation barriers, and valuing social support. These themes highlighted five factors, such as resilience, as potential quantitative predictors of quality of PA participation. While paired correlations with MeEAP scores were observed, these factors were not statistically predictive in multiple regression analysis (adjusted R2 = -0.14, F(10,50) = 0.92, p = .53). Implications. The interplay between Meaning, Autonomy, Engagement, and Belongingness dimensions of quality of PA participation was complex, with an emphasized role for mental health, in adults with disabilities.

Profil épidémiologique et clinique de la COVID-19 chez le personnel de santé de l'Hôpital Aziza Othmana, Tunis, Tunisie

Résumé Introduction: Le personnel de santé a été particulièrement affecté par la pandémie de Coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) ce qui a beaucoup nuit au système de santé dans le monde. Malgré la multitude d'études sur ce sujet, les résultats restent fragmentés et surtout controversés quant aux particularités de cette infection dans ce groupe à risque. Les objectifs de ce travail ont été de décrire le profil épidémiologique et clinique de la COVID-19 chez le personnel de santé de l'hôpital Aziza Othmana (HAO) (Nord de la Tunisie) depuis le début de la pandémie, d'identifier les facteurs de risque de transmission et d'estimer le taux de réinfection. Méthodes: Etude rétrospective sur 23 mois (Septembre 2020-Juillet 2022), ayant inclus les personnels de santé infectés par le Coronavirus type 2 du Syndrome Respiratoire Aigu Sévère (SARS-CoV-2). L'infection a été confirmée par amplification génique en temps réel du génome viral (RT-PCR) ou par test antigénique rapide (TDR) sur prélèvements nasopharyngés. Le recours au scanner thoracique a été fait pour confirmer le diagnostic des cas fortement suspects avec RT-PCR négative. Résultats: Au total, 1483 prélèvements nasopharyngés ont été investigués. Le diagnostic a été confirmé chez 412 cas ;il a été fait essentiellement par technique virologique (RT-PCR ou test rapide), le recours au scanner thoracique n'a eu lieu que pour deux cas. L'âge moyen des patients a été de 41 ans et le sex-ratio de 0,19. Au moins, une comorbidité, a été retrouvée chez 26,5% des agents ;les plus fréquentes ont été l'hypertension artérielle (HTA, 37cas), le diabète (27 cas) et l'asthme (17 cas). L'obésité a été retrouvée chez 5 cas. Les services hospitaliers ont été les secteurs les plus touchés (52%, n=214). Il s'agissait essentiellement de personnel paramédical (45%, n=185) et en premier les infirmiers (52,9%, n=98). Une symptomatologie a été décrite dans 98,8% des cas ;le délai moyen entre symptôme-diagnostic a été de trois jours. Les signes cliniques les plus fréquents ont été les myalgies-courbatures (62,7%), la toux (56,5%), les céphalées (49,6%), la fièvre (46,9%) et l'asthénie (35,1%). Une forme sévère nécessitant une hospitalisation a été constatée chez huit agents. Le taux de létalité a été de 0,5%. La réinfection a été observée dans 19% des cas (n=78) ;73 avaient reçu au moins une dose de vaccin. Le délai moyen entre la réception de la dernière dose de vaccination et l'apparition d'une réinfection a été de152 jours (17-406 jours). La durée moyenne d'absentéisme a été de 10,1 jours (5-38 jours) avec un total de 4108 jours d'arrêt de travail durant la période d'étude. Conclusion: La survenue de la COVID-19 chez les personnels de santé est préoccupante. Elle contribue fortement à l'entretien de la transmission du virus et surtout au fléchissement du système de santé durant cette crise sanitaire. Une prise en charge préventive doit être faite spécifiquement pour ce groupe à risque afin de pallier à cela (formation continue, réorganisation du temps de travail et intensification de la vaccination). Summary Introduction: Since the start of the Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare workers (HCW) are on the front line. They represent an important population with higher risk of acquiring infection and subsequently, exposing patients and all their close contact to the virus. However, up to now, few studies were published about this subject with controversial results, particularly, about specificities of infection for this risk group. Objectives of this study were to describe epidemiological and clinical profiles of COVID-19 among health personnel at Aziza Othmana Hospital (Northern Tunisia), to identify risk factors of transmission and to estimate the reinfection rate. Methods: This retrospective study was performed during23months (from September 2020 to July 2022);it included all suspected cases of COVID-19 among healthcare personnel working in the hospital. Diagnostic was confirmed by molecular method or by rapid antigen test on nasopharyngeal swabs. Chest Computed Tomography (CT) was used for highly suspicious cases with negative virological diagnostic. Results: A total of 1483 nasopharyngeal samples were investigated;confirmation of the infection was obtained in 412 cases, chest CT scan was used only for two cases. The mean age of the patients was 41 years and the sex ratio 0,19. Comorbidities were observed in 26,5% of cases;it was hypertension (37cases), diabetes (27cases) and asthma (17cases). Obesity was found in 5 cases. The most affected were paramedical agents (45%, n=185) and particularly nurses (52,9%, n=98) working if inpatient units (52%, n=214). Symptoms were described in 98,8% of cases;the average time between symptom and diagnosis was three days. The most frequent clinical signs were myalgia-aches(62,7%), cough (56,5%), headaches (49,6%), fever (46,9%) and asthenia (35,1%). Hospitalisation was

[Changes in the provision of primary care and psychotherapy in Germany during the first two lockdowns in 2020 and 2021: A two-wave survey giving consideration to gender identity and sexual orientation]. / Veränderung hausärztlicher und psychotherapeutischer Versorgung in Deutschland während der ersten beiden COVID-19-Lockdowns 2020 und 2021: Zwei Befragungswellen unter Berücksichtigung von Geschlechtsidentität und sexueller Orientierung.

INTRODUCTION: Measures against the COVID-19 pandemic led to restrictions in ambulatory health care in Germany. While the restrictions have been described from claims data, the patients' perspective has been missing. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans-, inter- and asexual persons (LGBTIA) might have been particularly affected by these restrictions because of their vulnerability. Thus, our research questions were: 1) How did the restrictions during the pandemic influence primary care and psychotherapy in Germany from the patients' perspective? 2) Are there differences between LGBTIA and cis-heterosexual persons regarding these restrictions? METHODS: We conducted an online survey with two survey waves in March/April 2020 and January/February 2021. Sampling was conducted via multiplicators and via snowball sampling. Amongst others, the survey contained open-ended questions regarding primary care and psychotherapy. From the answers of the first survey wave we constructed quantitative items for the second survey wave. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was conducted, including linear regression with R. RESULTS: 6,784 participants took part in the survey (2,641 in the first survey wave), 5,442 of whom identified as LGBTIA. Categories of changes in primary care were: no health care utilization, no changes in primary care, insecurity regarding primary care, and changes in primary care which could be less frequent utilization, differing procedures or changes in ways of communication. In the second wave, LGBTIA participants rated the worsening of primary care during the pandemic as being more pronounced. Regarding psychotherapy, the change can be described as no change in care, changes in the form of therapy, treatment in emergencies only and a longer break from psychotherapy. There was no different rating by LGBTIA persons compared to cis-heterosexual persons in the second survey wave. Telephone and video consultations were more common in psychotherapy than in primary care. DISCUSSION: LGBTIA persons were oversampled, so the sample included more people from urban areas than the German population. Due to the online survey form, older people were underrepresented relative to their numbers in the general German population. CONCLUSION: With respect to future pandemics general practitioners in primary care must be prepared that psychotherapy might be paused and delayed for some time. Video and telephone consultations should be offered to overcome pandemic-related restrictions in the future. General practitioners should know the gender identity and sexual orientation of their patients in order to proactively address health care barriers.

Dreaming for the World: A Jungian Study of Dreams During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

This project explores what dreams might reveal about the collective psyche’s response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in its first year, before the development of vaccines. A brief survey, distributed to Jungian colleagues and organizations, and to various social media sites, invited people to submit online a dream related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Four hundred and thirty‐six dreams were submitted. Forty additional Russian dreams were collected and submitted by Russian colleagues. Using qualitative research methods based on phenomenological hermeneutics, the researchers categorized and counted the range of COVID imagery. In addition, the researchers describe a range of psychic responses to the pandemic, including horror, grief, sickness, social discord, and violence, but also images of healing and transformation, increased sense of community, and spiritual renewal. Several healing nightmares are presented. Healing alchemical and anima/animus imagery is described. Twelve dreams are introduced and presented. It is concluded that the collective psyche, rooted in the Self, is a healing resource for social and cultural trauma. This project supports Beradt’s (1968) inspirational study of dreaming in Nazi Germany, as well as recent studies of COVID‐related dreams and recent publications on the social nature of dreaming.Alternate :Ce projet explore ce que les rêves peuvent révéler en ce qui concerne la réponse de la psyché collective à la pandémie de COVID‐19 dans sa première année, avant le développement des vaccins. Un court questionnaire, distribué à des collègues et des organisations Jungiennes, et à divers sites de réseaux sociaux, invitait les personnes à mettre en ligne un rêve en lien avec la pandémie de COVID‐19. Quatre cent trente‐six rêves ont été mis en ligne. D’autre part quarante rêves ont été collectés et mis en ligne par des collègues Russes. En utilisant les méthodes de recherche qualitative fondées sur l’herméneutique phénoménologique, les chercheurs ont établi des catégories et ont dénombré la variété de l’imagerie liée au COVID. De plus, les chercheurs ont décrit un certain nombre de réponses psychiques à la pandémie, par exemple l’horreur, le chagrin, la maladie, la discorde sociale et la violence, mais également des images de guérison et de transformation, un sentiment accru de communauté, et du renouveau spirituel. Plusieurs cauchemars de guérison sont présentés. L’imagerie de la guérison alchimique et celle liée à l’anima/animus est décrite. Douze rêves sont décrits et présentés. La conclusion apportée est que la psyché collective, enracinée dans le Soi, est une ressource de guérison en ce qui concerne le traumatisme social et culturel. Ce projet soutient l’étude inspirante de Beradt (1968) de rêves dans l’Allemagne Nazie, ainsi que des études récentes de rêves en lien avec la COVID et des publications récentes sur la nature sociale du rêve.Alternate :Dieses Projekt untersucht, was Träume über die Reaktion der kollektiven Psyche auf die COVID‐19‐Pandemie im ersten Jahr vor der Entwicklung von Impfstoffen verraten könnten. Eine kurze Umfrage, die an Jungianische Kollegen und Organisationen sowie an verschiedene Social‐Media‐Sites verteilt wurde, lud Menschen ein, online einen Traum im Zusammenhang mit der COVID‐19‐Pandemie einzureichen. Vierhundertsechsunddreißig Träume wurden eingereicht. Vierzig weitere russische Träume wurden gesammelt und von russischen Kollegen zugesandt. Unter Verwendung qualitativer Forschungsmethoden auf der Grundlage phänomenologischer Hermeneutik kategorisierten und zählten die Forscher die Bandbreite der COVID‐Bilder. Darüber hinaus beschreiben die Forscher eine Reihe psychischer Reaktionen auf die Pandemie, darunter Entsetzen, Trauer, Krankheit, soziale Zwietracht und Gewalt, aber auch Bilder von Heilung und Transformation, gesteigertem Gemeinschaftsgefühl und spiritueller Erneuerung. Mehrere heilende Albträume werden präsentiert. Heilend alchemistische und Anima/Animus‐Bilder werden beschrieben. Zwölf Träume werden vorgestellt und präsentiert. Es wird der Schluß gezogen, daß die im Selbst verwurzelte kollektive Psyche eine heilende Ressource für soziale und kulturelle Traumata darstellt. Dieses Projekt unterstützt Beradts (1968) inspirierende Studie über das Träumen in Nazi‐Deutschland sowie neuere Studien zu COVID‐bezogenen Träumen und neuere Veröffentlichungen über die soziale Natur des Träumens.Alternate :Questo progetto esplora cosa possono rivelare i sogni sulla risposta della psiche collettiva alla pandemia di COVID‐19 nel suo primo anno, prima dello sviluppo dei vaccini. Un breve sondaggio, distribuito a colleghi e organizzazioni junghiane, e a vari siti di social media, ha invitato le persone a presentare online un sogno legato alla pandemia di COVID‐19. Sono stati inviati 436 sogni. Altri quaranta sogni russi sono stati raccolti e inviati da colleghi russi. Usando metodi di ricerca qualitativa basati sull’ermeneutica fenomenologica, i ricercatori hanno categorizzato e contato l’assortimento dell’immaginario relativo al COVID‐19. Inoltre, i ricercatori descrivono una serie di risposte psichiche alla pandemia, incluso orrore, dolore, malattia, tensione sociale e violenza, ma anche immagini di guarigione e trasformazione, maggiore senso di comunità , e rinnovamento spirituale. Vengono presentati diversi incubi che sono stati terapeutici. Vengono descritte la guarigione alchemica e le immagini di anima/animus. Vengono introdotti e presentati dodici sogni. Gli Autori concludono che la psiche collettiva, radicata nel Sé, è una risorsa curativa per il trauma sociale e culturale. Questo progetto supporta lo stimolante studio di Berardt (1968) sui sogni nella Germania nazista, così come studi recenti sui sogni legati al COVID‐19 e con le recenti pubblicazioni sulla natura sociale dei sogni.Alternate :Ð' этом проекте исследуется, что могут рассказать сновидения о реакции коллективной психики на пандемию COVID‐19 в течение первого года, до того, как были разработаны вакцины. Ð' краткой анкете, рассылавшейся юнгианским коллегам и организациям, а также размещенной в социальных сетях, респондентам предлагалось предоставить в электронном виде свои сновидения, связанные с пандемией COVID‐19. Было прислано четыреста тридцать шесть сновидений. Еще сорок сновидений на русском языке было собрано и предоставлено российскими коллегами. Используя качественные методы исследования, основанные на феноменологической герменевтике, исследователи произвели подсчеты и классификацию и получили диапазон образов COVID. Кроме того, исследователи описали целый ряд психологических реакций на пандемию, среди которых ужас, горе, заболевания, социальные разногласия и насилие, но вместе с тем и образы исцеления и трансформации, усиленное чувства общности и духовное обновление. Описывается ряд кошмарных сновиденийс целебным эффектом. Приведены исцеляющие алхимические образы анимы/анимуса. Подробно представлено двенадцать сновидений. Исследователи приходят к заключению, что Ñ€ÐµÑ ÑƒÑ€ÑÐ¾Ð¼ для исцеления социальных и культурных травм является коллективная психика, опирающаяся на Самость. Ð'ыводы проекта подтверждают результаты вдохновляющего исследования Берадта о сновидениях в нацистской Ð"ермании (1968), а также недавних исследований сновидений, связанных с COVID, и публикаций о социальной природе сновидений.Alternate :Este proyecto explora lo que los sueños podrían revelar sobre la respuesta de la psique colectiva a la pandemia de COVID‐19 en su primer año, antes del desarrollo de las vacunas. A través de una breve encuesta, distribuida entre colegas y organizaciones Junguianas, así como en diversas redes sociales, se invitó a la gente a enviar en línea un sueño relacionado con la pandemia de COVID‐19. Se presentaron 436 sueños. Otros cuarenta sueños rusos fueron posteriormente recogidos y enviados por colegas rusos. Utilizando métodos de investigación cualitativa basados en la hermenéutica fenomenológica, los investigadores categorizaron y contaron una gama de imágenes de COVID. Además, los investigadores describen una serie de respuestas psíquicas a la pandemia, que incluyen horror, dolor, enfermedad, discordia social y violencia, pero también imágenes de curación y transformación, aumento del sentido de comunidad y renovación espiritual. Se presentan varias pesadillas curativas. Se describen imágenes alquímicas curativas y de anima/animus. Se introducen y presentan doce sueños. Se concluye que la psique colectiva, enraizada en el Self, es un recurso curativo para el trauma social y cultural. Este proyecto apoya el inspirador estudio de Beradt (1968) sobre los sueños en la Alemania nazi, así como estudios recientes sobre los sueños relacionados con el COVID y con publicaciones recientes sobre la naturaleza social de los sueños.Alternate :为世界做梦:æ–°å† ç–«æƒ…æœŸé—´æ¢¦å¢ƒçš„è£æ ¼å­¦æ´¾ç ”ç©¶è¿™ä¸ªé¡¹ç›®æŽ¢è®¨äº†æ¢¦å¢ƒå¦‚ä½•æ­ç¤ºé›†ä½"心灵对COVID‐19疫情所做出的反应, 这些梦境发生在疫情第一年, åœ¨ç–«è‹—å¼€å‘ä¹‹å‰ã€‚æœ¬ç ”ç©¶å‘è£æ ¼å­¦æ´¾åŒè¡Œå'Œç»„织, 以及通过各种社会åª'ä½"网站分发了一份简短的调查, 邀请人们在线提交与COVID‐19疫情有关的梦。共收集到四百三十六个梦。另外还收集了40个俄罗斯人的梦, å¹¶ç”±ä¿„ç½—æ–¯åŒäº‹æäº¤ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ä½¿ç”¨äº†åŸºäºŽçŽ°è±¡å­¦è¯ é‡Šå­¦çš„å®šæ€§ç ”ç©¶æ–¹æ³•, ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜å¯¹ä¸Žæ–°å† ç›¸å…³çš„æ„è±¡è¿›è¡Œäº†åˆ†ç±»å'Œç»Ÿè®¡ã€‚此外, ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜è¿˜æè¿°äº†æ¢¦ä¸­äººä»¬å¯¹ç–«æƒ…åšå‡ºçš„ä¸€ç³»åˆ—å¿ƒç†ååº”, 包括恐怖、悲伤、疾病、社会不å'Œè°å'Œæš´åŠ›, 但也有治愈å'Œè½¬å˜çš„意象、增强的社区感å'Œç²¾ç¥žæ›´æ–°çš„æ„è±¡ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ä»‹ç»äº†å‡ ä¸ªå¸¦æœ‰æ²»æ„ˆæ€§çš„å™©æ¢¦ã€‚æè¿°äº†æ²»æ„ˆæ€§çš„ç‚¼é‡‘æœ¯å'Œé˜¿å°¼çŽ›/阿尼玛斯意象。介绍并展示了12个梦。ç»"论是, æ¤æ ¹äºŽ “自性”的集ä½"心灵是治疗社会å'Œæ–‡åŒ–创伤的一种资源。这个项目的ç»"果支持了Beradt(1968)在纳粹德国的梦境的é¼"èˆžäººå¿ƒçš„ç ”ç©¶ç»"æžœ, ä¹Ÿä¸Žæœ€è¿‘å…³äºŽæ–°å† æ¢¦å¢ƒç ”ç©¶çš„ç»"æžœ, 及最近发表的关于梦境的社会性质的ç»"果一致。

COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Job Search and Employment of Graduates (2015-2020) of Canadian Dietetic Programmes.

Purpose: Self-reported coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic effects on dietetic job search, employment, and practice of recent graduates were explored within a national workforce survey.Methods: Graduates (2015-2020) who were registered/licensed dietitians or eligible to write the Canadian Dietetic Registration Exam were recruited through dietetic programmes, Dietitians of Canada's communication channels, and social media. The online survey, available in English and French from August through October 2020, included questions about pandemic experiences. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied to closed and open-ended responses, respectively.Results: Thirty-four percent of survey respondents (n = 524) indicated pandemic effects on job search and described delayed entry into dietetics, fewer job opportunities, and challenges including restricted work between sites. The pandemic affected employment for 44% of respondents; of these, 45% indicated working from home, 45% provided virtual counselling, 7% were redeployed within dietetics, 14% provided nondietetic COVID-19 support, and 6% were furloughed or laid off. Changed work hours, predominantly reduced, were identified by 29%. Changes in pay, identified by 12%, included loss (e.g., raises deferred) or gain (e.g., pandemic pay). Fear of infection and stress about careers and finances were expressed.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected both acquiring positions and employment in 2020 for recent dietetic graduates.

Retour d'expérience de deux structures d'urgences de centres hospitaliers généraux pendant la crise de la Covid-19

La Covid-19 s'est abattue sur l'Alsace en quelques jours, mettant à mal les hôpitaux de Mulhouse et de Colmar. Bien que proches, des différences notables existent au sein de ces deux structures en termes architecturaux et de ressources humaines. Comment cette vague a-t-elle modifié les organisations de chacun ? Quelles alternatives ont pu être mises en place ? Après la présentation de chaque site sont analysées les adaptations nécessaires afin d'absorber les flux de patients et leur proposer une prise en charge décente malgré des conditions parfois très dégradées. Nouvelles filières, modifications organisationnelles, renforts de personnel en interne puis en externe, augmentation capacitaire nette, recherches de solutions alternatives aux voies classiques d'approvisionnement des matériels… ont été une partie de la solution. Malgré les alertes du terrain, l'action nationale est restée en décalage de compréhension de la gravité de la situation locale, avec des recommandations et des actions soit inapplicables, soit trop tardives. Les établissements et professionnels de santé ont eu un sentiment d'isolement, renforcé par l'absence de représentant des tutelles et notamment de l'Agence régionale de santé sur le terrain. Deux éléments majeurs peuvent être mis en avant : une cohésion majeure de l'ensemble du centre hospitalier avec travail d'équipe et de terrain entre soignants et direction, et une implication de l'ensemble des acteurs de la médecine d'urgence (public, privé, libéraux, service départemental d'incendie et de secours) ;ils ont été les déterminants dans notre capacité à faire face à cet événement inédit.Alternate abstract: COVID-19 fell down on Alsace in few days, putting a strain on both hospitals of Mulhouse and Colmar. Although close, there are significant differences between these two structures in terms of architecture and human resources. How has this wave modified both organizations? After the presentation of each site, we analyzed the necessary adaptations made to absorb the flow of patients and offer them decent care despite sometimes very deteriorating conditions. New pathways, organization modifications, internal then external staff reinforcements, net capacity increase, search for alternative solutions to traditional equipment supplies routes, etc. have been a part of the solution. Despite the alerts from the ground, national action remained out of step with understanding of the seriousness of the local situation, with recommendations and actions either inapplicable or too late to implement. There was a strong feeling of isolation among health care organizations and professionals, reinforced by the absence of representatives from health institutions and particularly from the regional health agency in the field. Two main elements can be highlighted: a strong cohesion of the whole hospital center through teamwork and groundwork between the caregivers and the management, as well as the implication of all the actors of the emergency medicine (public staff, private staff, liberal staff, departmental fire, and rescue service);they were the determining factors in our capability to face this unprecedented event.

Increased use of sanitizers and disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic: identification of antimicrobial chemicals and considerations for aquatic environmental contamination

In response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been an increased need for personal and environmental decontamination to aid in curbing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Products used for this purpose include sanitizers for hands and disinfectants for surfaces. The active chemical ingredients used in these products, termed antimicrobials, can enter waste streams after application and may be emerging as more prominent environmental contaminants. Even prior to COVID-19, there was recognized need to examine their implications for aquatic biota, which is now made more pressing due to their exaggerated use in response to the pandemic. Our objectives were to identify current antimicrobial active ingredients, quantify their increased use, and determine which may be candidates for further consideration as possible aquatic contaminants. By consulting multiple sources of publicly available information in Canada, we identified current-use antimicrobials from the lists of sanitizers and surface disinfectants approved for use against SARS-CoV-2 by Health Canada and the drug registration database. To estimate the use of sanitizers and disinfectants, we evaluated import quantities and grocery store retail sales of related compounds and products (Statistics Canada) and both lines of evidence supported increased use trends. The list of identified antimicrobials was refined to include only candidates with potential to reach aquatic ecosystems, and information on their environmental concentrations and toxicity to aquatic biota was reviewed. Candidate antimicrobials (n = 32) fell into four main categories: quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), phenols, acids, and salts. Benzalkonium chloride, a QAC, was the most prominent active ingredient used in both nonalcohol-based hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants. Four QACs followed in prevalence and the next most used antimicrobial was triclosan (hand sanitizers only), an established and regulated environmental contaminant. Little information was found on environmental concentrations of other candidates, suggesting that the majority would fall into the category of emerging contaminants if they enter aquatic systems. Several were classified as acutely or chronically toxic to aquatic biota (Globally Harmonized System), and thus we recommend empirical research begin focusing on environmental monitoring of all candidate antimicrobials as a critical next step, with detection method development first where needed. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] En réponse à la pandémie de coronavirus (COVID-19), un besoin accru de décontamination personnelle et environnementale s'est manifesté pour aider à freiner la transmission du virus SRAS-CoV-2. Les produits utilisés à cette fin comprennent des assainisseurs pour les mains et des désinfectants pour les surfaces. Les ingrédients chimiques actifs utilisés dans ces produits, appelés antimicrobiens, peuvent entrer dans les systèmes des eaux usées après leur application et peuvent devenir des contaminants environnementaux plus importants. Avant même l'avènement de la COVID-19, on reconnaissait qu'il était nécessaire d'examiner leurs implications pour le biote aquatique, ce qui est aujourd'hui rendu plus urgent en raison de leur utilisation exagérée en réponse à la pandémie. Nos objectifs consistaient à identifier les ingrédients actifs antimicrobiens actuels, à quantifier leur utilisation accrue et à déterminer ceux qui pourraient être considérés comme des contaminants aquatiques potentiels. En consultant de multiples sources d'information publiquement accessibles au Canada, nous avons pu identifiéer les antimicrobiens utilisés actuellement à partir des listes d'assainisseurs et de désinfectants de surface dont l'utilisation contre le SRAS-CoV-2 a été approuvée par Santé Canada, et de la base de données sur les produits pharmaceutiques. Pour estimer l'utilisation des assainisseurs et des désinfectants, nous avons évalué les quantités importées et les ventes au détail dans les épiceries de composés et de produits connexes (Statistique Canada) et les deux sources de données ont confirmé les tendances à l'augmentation de l'utilisation. La liste des antimicrobiens identifiés a été affinée pour n'inclure que les candidats susceptibles d'atteindre les écosystèmes aquatiques, et les informations sur leurs concentrations environnementales et leur toxicité pour le biote aquatique ont été examinées. Les antimicrobiens candidats (n = 32) se répartissent en quatre grandes catégories: les composés d'ammonium quaternaire (CAQ), les phénols, les acides et les sels. Le chlorure de benzalkonium, un CAQ, était l'ingrédient actif le plus utilisé dans les désinfectants non alcoolisés pour les mains et les désinfectants de surface. Quatre CAQ suivaient en prévalence et l'antimicrobien le plus utilisé ensuite était le triclosan (uniquement dans les désinfectants pour les mains), un contaminant environnemental avéré et réglementé. Peu d'informations sur les concentrations environnementales des autres candidats étaient accessibles, ce qui suggère que la majorité d'entre eux entreraient dans la catégorie des contaminants émergents s'ils pénètrent dans les systèmes aquatiques. Plusieurs d'entre eux ont été classés comme présentant une toxicité aiguë ou chronique pour le biote aquatique (Système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques, SGH). Les auteurs recommandent donc que la recherche empirique commence à se concentrer sur la surveillance environnementale de tous les candidats antimicrobiens comme prochaine étape critique, en commençant par le développement de méthodes de détection si nécessaire. Le texte intégral de l'article en français est disponible parmi les documents supplémentaires. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La construction de l'action collective solidaire en contexte pandémique

Par son intensité, la pandémie de Covid-19 a révélé la vulnérabilité des organisations tout en témoignant de capacités de réponses collectives imprévues. Cet article montre que le contexte extrême a engendré de multiples ruptures, mais aussi des improvisations collectives, propices à l'expérimentation et à l'apprentissage, portées par des valeurs de solidarité.Alternate :The intensity of the Covid-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerability of organisations, while at the same time demonstrating unforeseen collective response capacities. This article shows that the extreme context generated multiple disruptions, but also collective improvisations, conducive to experimentation and learning, supported by values of solidarity.

COVID-19: Pandemic Risk, Resilience and Possibilities for Aging Research

The COVID-19 global crisis is reshaping Canadian society in unexpected and profound ways. The significantly higher morbidity and mortality risks by age suggest that this is largely a "gero-pandemic,” which has thrust the field of aging onto center stage. This editorial emphasizes that vulnerable older adults are also those most affected by COVID-19 in terms of infection risk, negative health effects, and the potential deleterious outcomes on a range of social, psychological, and economic contexts – from ageism to social isolation. We also contend that the pathogenic analysis of this pandemic needs to be balanced with a salutogenic approach that examines the positive adaptation of people, systems and society, termed COVID-19 resilience. This begs the question: how and why do some older adults and communities adapt and thrive better than others? This examination will lead to the identification and response to research and data gaps, challenges, and innovative opportunities as we plan for a future in which COVID-19 has become another endemic infection in the growing list of emerging and re-emerging pathogens.

Retour d'expérience sur la direction médicale de crise à l'Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris pendant la crise Covid-19

Un retour d'expérience sur la direction médicale de crise (DMC) pendant la première phase de l'épidémie de Covid-19 a été effectué à l'Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP–HP), le plus important centre hospitalier universitaire européen. L'AP–HP s'est dotée d'un directeur médical de crise (DMC) AP–HP, de six DMC de groupes hospitaliers (GH) et d'un DMC pour chacun des 39 sites hospitaliers. Le pilotage s'est appuyé sur des réunions quotidiennes de crise AP–HP et de GH, des groupes de travail disciplinaires et des tableaux de bord quotidiens fiabilisés qui ont permis d'optimiser les actions. Des actions innovantes ont été mises en place : cellules de régulation des entrées et des sorties de réanimation, suivi des patients infectés à domicile, traçage des contacts, transferts interrégionaux de patients de réanimation. Les éléments clés de la réussite ont été les relations entre direction générale et DMC, l'articulation entre l'échelon central (AP–HP) et celui des GH, la mobilisation de tous les acteurs vers un objectif unique identifié et la mobilisation de l'ensemble des soignants, y compris les étudiants. Parmi les pistes d'amélioration soulignées, il convient de citer la généralisation des DMC hors AP–HP, conformément à la réglementation, le développement de la connaissance du mode de fonctionnement de crise, l'anticipation de la formation à la gestion de crise, la réalisation d'une information quotidienne de l'ensemble des acteurs des actions menées dans une crise de longue durée et la participation des représentants des usagers. La gestion de la recherche en temps de crise reste à inventer au niveau national, voire européen.Alternate abstract: Feedback on the medical crisis management during the first phase of the COVID-19 epidemic was provided to the Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP–HP), the largest university hospital center in Europe. The AP–HP has one AP–HP medical crisis director (DMC), 6 hospital group (HG) DMCs, and one DMC for each of the 39 hospital sites. Management was based on daily AP–HP and GH crisis meetings, disciplinary working groups and reliable daily dashboards, which enabled the optimization of actions. Innovative actions have been implemented: regulation units for intensive care unit entries and exits, follow-up of infected patients at home, contact tracing, and inter-regional transfers of critically-ill patients. The key elements of success were the relationship between General management, DMC, the articulation between the central level and those of the GH, the mobilization of all the actors towards a unique identified objective, and the mobilization of all the caregivers, including students. Among the highlighted avenues for improvement, it is worth mentioning the generalization of DMCs outside the AP–HP in accordance with the regulations, the development of knowledge of the crisis operating mode, the anticipation of training in crisis management, the provision of daily information to all those involved in actions carried out in a long-term crisis, and the participation of care-user representatives. The management of research in times of crisis remains to be invented at the national or even European level.

[Trends in place of death for nursing home residents in an urban district during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of death registry data]. / Entwicklung der Sterbeorte von Pflegeheimbewohnern in einem städtischen Versorgungsbereich während der COVID-19-Pandemie ­ eine Auswertung von Daten des Sterberegisters.

BACKGROUND: The nursing home is a common place of death; however, little is known about the place of death with respect to the people living there. Was there a difference in the frequencies of the places of death of nursing home residents in an urban district and in the individual facilities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic? METHODS: Full survey of deaths by retrospective analysis of death registry data from the years 2018 to 2021. RESULTS: Over the four-year period 14,598 people died, with 3,288 (22.5%) being residents of 31 different nursing homes. Over the reference period before the pandemic (March 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019) 1,485 nursing home residents died: 620 (41.8%) in hospital, 863 (58.1%) in a nursing home. During the pandemic period (March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021) 1,475 death were registered: 574 (38.9%) in hospital and 891 (60.4%) in a nursing home. The mean age over the reference period was 86.5 years (±8,6; median 88.4; 47.9 to 106.2), in the pandemic period it was 86.7 years (±8,5; median 87.9; 43.7 to 111.7). Before the pandemic 1,006 deaths (67.7%) occurred in females, during the pandemic it was 969 (65.7%). The relative risk (RR) as a measure for the increase in the probabilty for an "in-hospital" death during the pandemic period was 0.94. In different facilities, the number of deaths per bed during the reference and the pandemic period varied between 0.26 and 0.98, and the RR from 0.48 to 1.61. DISCUSSION: For all nursing home residents, the frequency of deaths was not increasing and no shift towards an "in-hospital" death was observed. Several nursing homes revealed substantial differences and opposing trends. The strength and the type of effects of facility-related circumstances remain unclear.

The Transformation of Chinese Cultural Images of the Plague through Chinese Characters, Legends and Folkways.

The human experience of survival from a plague is about distinguishing the sick from the healthy as quickly as possible, establishing a barrier to stop the infection, and protecting healthy people. Nevertheless, the various quarantine rules and the acceptance and compliance of the population are a kind of battle between policy implementers and the public. This paper tries to understand how Chinese cultural attitudes (Henderson, 1984) unconsciously influence the Chinese people to be most cooperative with the strict containment and quarantine measures to confront the COVID-19 pandemic. This article begins with the Chinese characters, exemplified by the four characters of disease and plague, to discuss how the pictograph nature and spatial structural way profoundly shaped the cultural mind. Then, through plague-related Chinese legends, stories and folklore, the paper sets out the Chinese cultural attitudes which are also manifested in the analogical associations between disease, plague and seasons, the balance of the five elements of the universe and ghosts, gods and the government bureaucrats in the Kingdom of the Heaven. All of these approaches are well in line with Jung's method of associative amplification as a way to locate the archetypal wisdom that assures survival.

L'expérience humaine de survivre à la peste est de distinguer les malades des personnes saines aussi vite que possible, d'établir une barrière pour stopper l'infection, de protéger les personnes saines. Cependant les diverses règles sur la quarantaine et l'acceptation et la soumission de la population sont une sorte de bataille entre les personnes qui mettent en œuvre les mesures et le public. Cet article tente de comprendre comment les attitudes culturelles Chinoises (Henderson 1984) ont influencé inconsciemment le peuple Chinois, le rendant plus coopératif en ce qui concerne le confinement strict et les mesures de quarantaine pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID-19. Cet article commence avec les caractères Chinois, illustrés par les quatre caractères de la maladie et la peste, pour discuter comment le pictogramme de la nature et la façon de structurer l'espace ont profondément modelé la pensée culturelle. Ensuite, à travers des légendes, des histoires et le folklore Chinois traitant de la peste, l'article cerne les attitudes culturelles Chinoises. Ces attitudes sont également repérables dans les analogies entre la maladie, la peste et les saisons, l'équilibre des cinq éléments de l'univers, les esprits, les dieux et les bureaucrates gouvernementaux dans le Royaume des Cieux. Toutes ces approches sont bien en accord avec la méthode d'amplification associative de Jung en tant que manière de situer la sagesse archétypale qui permet la survie.

La experiencia humana de sobrevivir a una plaga consiste en distinguir lo antes posible a los enfermos de los sanos, establecer una barrera para detener la infección y proteger a las personas sanas. Sin embargo, las diversas normas de cuarentena y la aceptación y el cumplimiento por parte de la población son una especie de batalla entre los responsables políticos y el público. Este artículo trata de entender cómo las actitudes culturales chinas (Henderson 1984) influyen inconscientemente en el pueblo chino para que sea más cooperativo con las estrictas medidas de contención y cuarentena para hacer frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. El presente artículo comienza con los caracteres chinos, ejemplificados por los cuatro caracteres de la enfermedad y la peste, para analizar cómo la naturaleza pictográfica y la forma estructural espacial moldearon profundamente la mente cultural. A continuación, a través de leyendas, cuentos y folclore chinos relacionados con la peste, el artículo expone las actitudes culturales chinas que también se manifiestan en las asociaciones analógicas entre la enfermedad, la peste y las estaciones, el equilibrio de los cinco elementos del universo, y los fantasmas, los dioses y los burócratas del gobierno en el Reino de los Cielos. Todos estos planteamientos se ajustan bien al método de Jung de amplificación asociativa como vía de acceso a la sabiduría arquetípica que asegura la supervivencia.